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Hydraulic modelling helps Nantes Métropole ensure a reliable supply for the city and surrounding municipalities
 
Nantes, a major city in western France, is the economic and cultural hub of the region. With over 650,000 inhabitants, Nantes Metropolis is the sixth-largest metropolitan area in France, comprising an intercommunality of 24 municipalities. Like many large cities, it faces the challenge of efficiently managing its water distribution network while accommodating a growing population. Maintaining reliable supply, ensuring accurate fire flow calculations and addressing environmental concerns are key priorities for Nantes Métropole as it works to optimise its system, which serves Nantes and surrounding areas. By implementing hydraulic modelling using DHI’s MIKE+, Nantes Métropole could now improve decision-making and address efficiencies in its water distribution network to meet current and future challenges by updating its drinking water master plan.
 
Challenge
Nantes Métropole’s challenges with its water distribution network were primarily related to infrastructure limitations and the growing demands of urban development and environmental sustainability. The existing hydraulic model was outdated and had not been updated to reflect changes in infrastructure. It also lacked comprehensive data on pipe diameters, limiting its accuracy and reliability. To address these challenges, Nantes Métropole is taking proactive steps to gain a detailed and reliable understanding of network performance, identifying peak demand locations including pressure zoning, sensitive points within the network and areas with potential for efficiency improvements. In addition, qualitative aspects such as ensuring water quality—residence time, contact time, chlorine levels and more—are also being closely monitored and optimised.
 
 
Solution
The teams from Nantes Métropole and DHI collaborated to develop a detailed hydraulic model of the water distribution network using MIKE+, which allows them to create a digital twin to simulate different scenarios and pinpoint vulnerabilities. 
 
The hydraulic model integrates disparate date sets into a unified representation of the water distribution network, considering factors like urban development, consumption patterns, physical infrastructure, regulatory compliance and future climate impacts. By reflecting both real-time conditions and future projections, the model becomes a powerful tool for strategic planning and improving efficiency. This approach is a clear improvement over traditional methods, which are often reactive and rely on outdated updates and forecasts, preventing them from fully addressing the complexity of modern water systems and changing conditions.
 
Results
The implementation of DHI's solution significantly benefitted Nantes Métropole, allowing the authority to:

Accurately plan for future water demand based on various scenarios, including population growth and climate change impacts
Enhance the overall efficiency and reliability of the water network, ensuring better service quality for residents and compliance with environmental regulations
Improve water quality through better monitoring and control of key parameters
Significantly reduce water loss and associated costs

The solution has equipped Nantes Métropole with the ability to manage water resources more efficiently, enabling data-driven decision-making and strategic planning to meet current and future challenges.

Strengthening climate resilience in Brazil and Argentina

Integrating grey and nature-based flood management measures for sustainable urban development 
South American cities are increasingly impacted by climate-related disasters, and the projected rise in the frequency and intensity of these events is expected to widen existing inequalities, as the most vulnerable communities are also those with fewer resources to adapt. To build resilience, it is crucial for cities to integrate climate adaptation strategies and flood and drought risk management into urban planning. Within the framework of the EUROCLIMA+ programme, and under the implementation of the French Development Agency (AFD), different pilot areas of the west metropolitan region of São Paulo (Brazil) and City of Córdoba (Argentina) were selected due to their shared challenges with urbanisation and frequent flooding. DHI delivered a comprehensive flood risk management plan for each pilot area that combines structural and nature-based solutions (NbS), which, once implemented, will significantly reduce flooding and improve quality of life for residents. 
 
Challenge
Brazil and Argentina face significant challenges related to urban flooding, each shaped by distinct geographical and infrastructural factors. In Brazil, the pilot areas are characterised by high impermeability rates, steep slopes and rapid watershed responses, which together create conditions for intense and fast-flowing rainwater runoff. Urbanisation and the channelling of rainwater through drainage systems exacerbate these conditions, leading to frequent and severe flooding.Meanwhile, the challenges of the pilot area in Argentina also stem from its highly urbanised area with nearly complete impermeability (96%) yet low slopes. In addition, although the upstream watershed remains largely agricultural and natural, the lack of an adequate rainwater collection network contributes to or exacerbates flooding due to characteristics of existing drainage. Additionally, flash floods from surface runoff and the rising water table further complicate flood management in this urban area.Together, these challenges impact vulnerable communities, damaging residential, commercial and critical infrastructure, such as public transportation hubs.
 
Solution
DHI developed a comprehensive flood risk management plan for each of the four study areas by applying a methodology that included detailed data analysis, flood risk assessments and the creation of flood models, risk maps and consultation with the experts of each municipal authority. The plans identify key development solutions and incorporate them into preliminary designs. Additionally, the project provided recommendations, promoted best practices and developed educational materials to raise awareness for civil servants at the municipalities in question. Training programs were also conducted to equip stakeholders with the necessary knowledge and skills.
 
What made DHI’s solution unique? 
 

Integrated green and grey solutions: DHI’s hydrologists and urban flood protection and modelling experts worked with landscape architects to combine nature-based approaches, such as increasing permeability, with engineered infrastructure, like drainage pipes, retention basins and embankments, to create sustainable flood risk reduction strategies
Advanced modelling: DHI used the MIKE+ 1D-2D hydrological and hydraulic model combined with LiDAR surveys to accurately simulate flood risks, even when hydrometric datasets were incomplete
Field-based validation: Instead of conventional calibration, models were validated using field observations, photos and local testimonies, ensuring real-world accuracy

Participatory approach: The solution incorporated a collaborative process with local technical committees, ensuring urban development plans aligned with the municipalities’ needs and priorities


Capacity building and knowledge transfer: DHI’s climate change adaptation study included extensive training for local public servants, fostering long-term resilience and local expertise across the territories


 
Results
By combining structural drainage systems with nature-based solutions, DHI’s approach addresses severe flooding in vulnerable urban areas. Once the detailed interventions in the flood risk management plans are implemented, floodable spaces will be transformed into multifunctional environments, offering both hydraulic benefits and urban functions. These spaces are designed to mitigate the impacts of floods while serving as parks, playgrounds, sports fields and other community spaces during dry periods. Currently, these areas are vulnerable to flooding with limited utility, but in the future, they will be able to provide both flood protection and improved public spaces, benefiting local communities.The environment will also benefit through the creation of floodable urban spaces that integrate green and blue infrastructure. These spaces enhance biodiversity, reduce pollution and improve water management. By converting floodplains into multifunctional spaces, such as parks and gardens, these urban areas become more resilient to climate change while providing valuable ecological functions. Additionally, these spaces are designed to be low maintenance, reducing the need for costly infrastructure repairs and ensuring long-term sustainability.

Modernised solution boosts flood resilience and promotes sustainable urban development 
Żary, a picturesque town in western Poland, is known for its historical charm and tranquil environment. However, like many growing urban areas, it is facing significant challenges in managing its stormwater drainage system. As rainfall patterns become more intense and urbanisation increases, the municipality of Żary is proactively upgrading its infrastructure to improve water management and address the challenges of frequent flooding. With a modernised stormwater management solution developed by DHI, Żary is now better positioned to mitigate flood risks, enhance urban resilience and ensure sustainable development in this vibrant community.
 
Challenge
Situated on flat terrain, Żary is prone to frequent flooding. To address this, the municipality is actively upgrading its infrastructure to better adapt to modern climate patterns and support ongoing urban development. Previous patchwork repairs and minor upgrades did not fully resolve the persistent flooding issues. Consequently, residents faced property damage, traffic disruptions and environmental challenges, with flooded streets and overwhelmed sewers becoming frequent during heavy rains. Recognising these impacts on quality of life, the municipality of Żary is committed to implementing comprehensive solutions to improve flood management and enhance overall resilience.
 
Solution
As part of the ‘Żary - A Place to Live’ initiative, DHI conducted an extensive measurement campaign conducted over two months, involving six stormwater channel stations and two rain gauge stations. This data collection laid the groundwork for accurate modelling and recommendations for system optimisation. 
 
After collecting the data, we developed and calibrated hydrodynamic models for both stormwater and sanitary sewer systems. Detailed analysis using these models pinpointed critical areas and bottlenecks, leading to targeted recommendations for infrastructure upgrades and the addition of retention tanks. 
 
The project also included implementing an advanced software solution for real-time data visualisation and management, creating web applications for proactive stormwater control and conducting a field inventory of sewer infrastructure.
 
What made DHI’s solution unique? 
 

Hybrid modelling: The integration of 1D+2D modelling provided a comprehensive view of the drainage system’s performance under various conditions, combining sewer network modelling with natural watercourse and terrain surface simulations
Predictive capabilities: The system could forecast network behaviour up to six hours ahead, providing early warnings of potential flooding. This proactive approach allowed the municipality to take preventive measures before issues escalated.
Green infrastructure: Adding green infrastructure elements like rain gardens, green roofs and permeable surfaces not only improved stormwater management but also contributed to urban aesthetics and environmental quality

 
Compared to traditional methods, DHI’s approach offered superior predictive and integrative capabilities, utilising advanced technologies like MIKE software, online data platforms and AI integration.
 
Results
The solution has significantly improved Żary’s sewage system, greatly reducing flood risks and enhancing surface water quality. The municipality can now predict and manage potential flooding events more effectively, minimising their impact on residents. By integrating modern monitoring systems for continuous data visualisation and analysis, Żary is now well-equipped for proactive water resource management, benefiting the entire community.

Local authorities enable sustainable water management for residential, industrial and commercial consumers with advanced hydraulic modelling
 
Montpellier, a dynamic metropolis in southern France, is continuously modernising its water distribution network to meet growing population demands. In some areas, existing systems, designed for a different era and needs, must be adapted to address urban development and certain impacts of climate change, such as increasing pressure on water resources. Faced with rising demand, issues of water losses within the network and the challenge of optimising distribution in areas with varied topography, the city decided to adopt a sustainable water management approach. Through advanced hydraulic modelling with DHI’s MIKE+, the Régie des Eaux de Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole (RE3M) aims to pursue several key objectives: evaluating the capacity of water networks to accommodate urban growth, ensuring reliable, high-quality water services while controlling costs for users, and promoting environmental sustainability through indicators that enable optimised resource management. This approach ensures a more resilient and sustainable future for the region.
 
Challenge
The Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole Water Authority (RE3M) aims to enhance its operations through several initiatives, including improving efficiency during peak demand periods, particularly in the summer, and continuously optimising the performance of its water networks while maintaining sufficient water pressure at all points to ensure fire safety. Additionally, RE3M is focused on reducing leaks and conserving water to minimise energy consumption and reduce operational costs.
 
 
Solution
The RE3M and DHI teams collaborated closely to develop a detailed hydraulic model of the water distribution network using MIKE+. This model enables the simulation of various scenarios and identification of system vulnerabilities. The collaboration resulted in a comprehensive hydraulic model covering approximately 900 km of network, representing five of the 14 municipalities managed by RE3M, with a daily water consumption of nearly 100,000 m3 for residential, commercial and industrial consumers. The model achieved high accuracy, with over 90% of the 162 calibration points (flow, pressure and levels) delivering excellent precision, demonstrating its reliability.
In the long term, this ‘digital twin’ of the network will provide detailed real-time information, easily accessible through the  MIKE WaterNet Advisor application, which will be used daily by the RE3M teams. This will enable proactive, collaborative and efficient system management, significantly enhancing operational efficiency.
 
Results
By enhancing its hydraulic modelling with MIKE+, RE3M can now anticipate and manage its water network more effectively, reducing water losses and ensuring reliable supply while optimising costs and lowering environmental impact. This approach not only boosts network efficiency and service reliability but also achieves significant cost savings, paving the way for a more resilient water future.

Speeding up offshore wind development: Wave simulation made fast, easy and accurate

The operator quickly gained an accurate assessment of extreme wave conditions with MIKE Metocean Simulator at Japan’s first offshore wind observation test site.&nbsp;
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At the first-ever offshore wind observation test site in Japan, which has been officially established as Mutsu-Ogawara Offshore Wind Observation Test Site (MTS) owned and jointly operated by Kobe University (KU) and Mutsu-Ogawara Metocean Observation Center (MOC) since April 2024, Rera Tech Inc. (RTI), acting as a Secretariat on behalf of KU and MOC, requested information on extreme metocean conditions.
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The test site is used to test the performance of offshore wind measurement equipment to support the development of the renewable energy sector. Assessment of extreme wave conditions was needed for the design of mooring arrangements of Floating LiDAR Systems (FLS) at the test site. FLS provide a cost-efficient solution for accurate estimation of offshore wind resources.&nbsp;
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Extreme wave conditions were quickly estimated from a long-term timeseries of wave conditions at the site. The modelled results were validated against nearby short-term measurements and at the site to ensure that the long-term data could be used with confidence for extreme value analysis. The extreme wave conditions were modelled using the MIKE Metocean Simulator software, faster, smarter and at lower cost than conventional numerical wave modelling.
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Challenge
Japan aims to become one of the world's leading producers of offshore wind energy, targeting 10 GW capacity by 2030 as part of its efforts in reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. But the global offshore wind sector is facing challenges such as high supply chain inflation and rising interest rates, and there is an urgent need to reduce both risk and cost in all phases of offshore wind farm development.&nbsp;
MTS is the first of its kind in Japan. It was initially developed by KU, Japan Weather Association (JWA) and RTI under a project led by a national research and development agency (NEDO) in 2023, followed by its transition to KU in April 2024. MTS provides test sites to verify accuracy of observation data measured by offshore wind measurement equipment to ultimately promote development of the renewable energy sector in Japan.
The FLS test site is exposed to high waves caused by extratropical cyclones and occasionally typhoons. A nearby vertical concrete breakwater complicates the wave field due to waves reflecting off the vertical face of the structure. RTI requested an accurate estimation of extreme wave conditions. The results had to be made available in limited time and pass thorough validation checks against measurements at the site. Traditional methods of acquiring such data can be both slow and expensive.&nbsp;

Nature-based solutions supporting climate resilience in the Shabelle River basin

Exploring how nature-based solutions can provide effective flood and drought mitigation for Somalia 
 
Over the past decades, Somalia has been experiencing increasingly frequent and severe floods. With environmental degradation being considered one of the main contributors to this change, nature-based solutions (NbS) have a high potential for mitigating flood risk in the area. Using hydrologic and hydraulic mathematical modelling to analyse options such as reforestation or sand dams, UNEP-DHI Centre on Water and Environment assessed this potential within the Shabelle River basin and found that a variety of NbS are applicable in Somalia. These findings will support the National Flood and Drought Task Force of Somalia in planning future flood and drought interventions in the basin. 
 
Challenge
Many ephemeral rivers, or ‘wadis’, in Somalia are prone to flash floods. Flooding occurs when heavy rains lead to a sudden increase in river flow, followed by a quick recession, and can cause loss of lives and property in downstream settlements. The severity and frequency of flooding from the Shabelle Rivers has been increasing in the past few decades, and it is thought that increased sediment deposition in rivers (brought about by activities such as deforestation which degrade soil structure), and subsequent raising of the riverbed, is the major contributor to this change. NbS, aimed at restoring degraded riverine ecosystems, have the potential to mitigate flooding in the area. With some of these solutions simultaneously enhancing groundwater recharge, their implementation could serve the dual purpose of flood and drought management, increasing community resilience to climate extremes. 
 
Solution
In the implementation of the project, UNEP undertook research into the potential of nature-based solutions for mitigating flood and drought hazards. The UNEP-DHI Centre team provided the technical inputs necessary to support this research, which can assist Somali decision-makers in planning and scaling up nature-based approaches to flood mitigation.
 
UNEP-DHI’s study identified flood-targeting NbS already tested in the Somali context and assessed their effectiveness using hydrological and hydraulic models developed with MIKE HYDRO River (now known as MIKE+ Rivers). For flash flood mitigation in ephemeral wadis, peak flow in response to heavy rainfall was compared between a baseline scenario and scenarios employing reforestation, terracing or water retention structures such as sand dams and weirs. For sediment-related riverine floods, a hydraulic river model with sediment transport components was used to assess the effectiveness of different NbS in decreasing the mass of sediment entering the river and in decreasing incidence of flooding. 

Navigating water resources challenges in the Senegal River Basin

Integrated hydrological and hydraulic studies enhance water management and resilience to climate change&nbsp;
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The Senegal River basin, located in West Africa, spans four countries and covers 1.6% of the continent. The river basin faces significant challenges due to uncontrolled tributaries causing droughts, floods and erosion, directly impacting the lives of local communities and the health of the environment. Additionally, existing water management systems, designed using historical climate data, may not adequately address the increasing frequency and severity of climate events. By utilising DHI’s integrated hydrological and hydraulic modelling, the Organisation for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS) has adopted a modern approach to water resource management. This enables more accurate understanding of floods and droughts, helping local communities adapt to future uncertainties and safeguard their livelihoods.
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Challenge
Uncontrolled tributaries are streams or rivers flowing into a main river without regulation or management. Influenced by natural factors like rainfall and topography, their flow can fluctuate due to weather events. Human activities such as deforestation and agriculture can further impact their flow and health. This can lead to challenges like flooding, erosion and water quality issues, making effective monitoring and management essential for the river system's overall health.
In the Senegal River basin, these challenges affect both residents and the environment. For local communities, these issues have led to water scarcity, affecting agriculture and livelihoods while limiting access to clean water, exacerbating food insecurity and poverty. Environmentally, these challenges result in habitat degradation, loss of biodiversity and decreased soil fertility, highlighting the urgent need for integrated water resources management approaches to address the impacts on both human and ecological communities.&nbsp;
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Solution
For nearly two decades, DHI and OMVS have built a strong partnership that has resulted in an enhanced understanding of the hydrological dynamics in the Senegal River Basin.&nbsp;
For this project, DHI conducted hydrological and hydraulic studies of the Senegal River's uncontrolled tributaries using DHI’s Global Hydrological Model (GHM), focusing on evaluating water resources, understanding the dynamics of water flow and erosion phenomena, and identifying interventions for sustainable management. Using DHI’s GHM, runoff has been computed for the entire river basin to assess the water availability in key uncontrolled tributaries.
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The solution involved gathering data on geographic, climatic and hydrometric conditions, creating thematic maps to illustrate the basin's characteristics and using hydrological modelling to simulate water movement and distribution. The aim was to establish a foundation for informed decision-making that addresses both the immediate and long-term needs of the basin's ecosystems and communities while considering the impacts of climate change and human activities.
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Results
The solution has established a basin-wide hydrological and hydraulic model for the Senegal River's basin. OMVS can now improve strategic planning and better anticipate floods and droughts, enabling targeted prioritisation of interventions in the uncontrolled tributaries of the basin. The enhanced water management aims to improve water availability, reduce flood and erosion risks, and increase agricultural productivity to the benefit of the quality of life of the local community. Additionally, this approach has facilitated the stabilisation and restoration of natural habitats, benefitting aquatic ecosystems.

 Supporting sand management along Adelaide’s shoreline

Applying shoreline morphology modelling supported by 40+ years of coastal monitoring to evaluate management options
 
Since the 1970s, the Government of South Australia’s Department for Environment and Water (DEW) has actively managed Adelaide’s shoreline through renourishment efforts. Despite recent large annual backpass campaigns, the shoreline between Adelaide Shores boat harbour and the West Beach Surf Life Saving Club (SLSC) continues to experience localised erosion. To address this issue, DEW has commissioned DHI to conduct a coastal processes modelling study. This study aims to enhance understanding of the coastal dynamics at West Beach and to explore alternative long-term management strategies.
 
Challenge
The Adelaide Metropolitan coastline comprises a discrete littoral sediment cell that extends along 30 km of the semi-protected eastern shoreline of Gulf St Vincent in South Australia. Sediment within the littoral cell is moved in a net northward direction with no significant supply of sediment provided from the south or offshore to replenish the beaches. The chronic sediment supply deficit combined with the impacts of historical coastal developments pose an ongoing challenge to the management of Adelaide’s Metropolitan coastline.
 
Solution
Providing models to assess management options
 
A comprehensive assessment of the coastal processes and observed erosion in the West Beach sediment cell was undertaken. This evaluation combines analysis of existing data with a state-of-the-art numerical modelling framework to predict long-term shoreline evolution.
 
Driven by MIKE Powered by DHI software, we developed hydrodynamic, wave and shoreline morphology models and calibrated them based on available measurements. In total, six management scenarios comprising of combinations of soft management options (nourishment, backpass systems) and hard structures have been simulated. For each scenario, the morphological evolution of the entire West Beach shoreline has been simulated for 7.5 years providing comparative assessments of the pros and cons of each scenario.
 
Results
The solution provided the Government of South Australia with:

An updated description of coastal processesUtilising historic data and advanced modeling techniques, the solution provided a comprehensive understanding of coastal processes in the region, facilitating more accurate assessments of coastal behaviour over time.
Comparison of management options and associated morphological impactsThe solution offered valuable insights into how different management approaches might affect coastal morphology, enabling more informed decisions about which strategies are likely to be most effective in mitigating coastal erosion and other challenges.
Data to support future decision-making for coastal managementReliable data is now available to support ongoing and future decision-making processes related to coastal management.


River mouth training in the Bay of Plenty

Designing twin training walls for the dynamic Opotiki Harbour Entrance
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Opotiki is a township with a strong vision of increasing the social and economic well-being of its community. Researched initiatives have shown that Opotiki is perfectly positioned for a large-scale aquaculture venture—a success that can only be brought alive through a transformation of the harbour entrance. Once a well-used trading route, local authorities are looking to make the harbour easier to navigate by constructing two parallel river training walls at the entrance. To help Opotiki District Council (ODC) achieve this, DHI provided design expertise and also assessed many significant factors which could impact the components of the ambitious project.
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Challenge
The coastal township of Opotiki sits on New Zealand’s eastern coast, in the North Island’s Bay of Plenty. Prior to the mid 1960s, the Opotiki harbour entrance had a long history of use by coastal shipping vessels which visited the township primarily as a trading port. Since then, the ability to navigate through the entrance has been adversely affected as waves routinely transporting sediments into the entrance formed an unreliable and often unsafe passage between the river and the sea. The confluence of the Waioeka and Otara rivers, approximately 1.5 kilometres above the harbour entrance, adds further complexity to the dynamic nature of the unique coastal environment.
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The most serious incident to date was when the entrance was closed for 64 days in 2007. Regular users of the route found it challenging and dangerous to navigate the passage five days out of 30 in a month on average. The ODC rallied central and local government, iwi and community groups, and commissioned a series of investigations to improve access to the harbour. We were engaged to find a solution by providing a conceptual design for the river training works while assessing environmental impacts at the same time. After considering many alternatives, our findings concluded that twin training walls at the entrance would provide the most appropriate stabilisation. One of the most important elements involved determining whether the large scale infrastructure project would adversely affect flood levels on the township.
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Solution
Different training wall configurations were assessed for a range of river flows and coastal conditions. DHI studied many aspects of the walls, including their ability to maintain a&nbsp;navigable entrance, the expected navigation conditions and possible scour in their vicinity. Our team also assessed the impacts on salinity within the harbour, sedimentation elements and backwater effects. On mitigating flood impacts, our experts recommended a confluence realignment as a feasible solution.
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DHI's solution was to construct two short straight breakwater training walls with a new entrance to the east of the existing one. The walls, approximately 500 metres long and 120&nbsp;metres apart, will also have scour protection elements included, without which the walls could be undermined during a large flood when deep scour may occur in between.&nbsp;
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With the application of one-dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) models utilising MIKE Powered by DHI software, our team successfully developed a robust solution for ODC.
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Results
Ensuring the safe navigation of the harbour entrance while avoiding upstream flooding was principal within the project, as was understanding the many various coastal morphological impacts at play.
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From our modelling, we established that a re-engineered harbour entrance could alleviate the vessel access issues, allowing for more stable and improved entrance conditions. Although long term morphological impacts for flooding mitigation required further investigation, a realignment channel would somewhat reduce flooding impacts. The project, when undertaken, will greatly open up opportunities for the coastal settlement of Opotiki, creating potential aquaculture ventures and raising the wellbeing of the local community on manylevels.

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